XI. On cathode and canal rays from hollow cathodes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Characteristics of Energetic Ions Emitted from Hollow Cathodes
The behavior of a hollow cathode operated within an ion thruster discharge chamber is characterized using a remotely located, charged-particle analyzer. A very complex structure of the ion energy distribution function is revealed that is in general agreement with previous observations from many earlier works. Observations, which are in general agreement with the literature, include the measurem...
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Exper iments conducted by Dr. Carrel in this labora tory revealed t ha t chicken fibroblasts underwent a ve ry characterist ic change when cul t ivated in serum which had been submit ted to irradiat ion b y cathode rays. The cells resembled in appearance those of colonies cul t ivated in proteoses or peptones. Their cytoplasm was completely filled with granulations but , unlike degenerating cel...
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Conditioning of the insert inside a hollow cathode is believed to be important to ensure reliable discharge initiation and subsequent cathode operation. The desorption of contaminates is reported from hollow cathodes as a function of heater power to quantify cathode conditioning characteristics and identify factors that might prevent the fast initiation of a discharge. In addition to conditioni...
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A theory for the single-channel hollow cathode (SCHC) that includes the relevant physical processes and predicts the operating parameters is presented. A SCHC consists of a cylindrical channel approximately ten diameters in length through which a working gas (taken as lithium vapor here) flows and exits as a plasma. A high current (1-100 A) is conducted into the channel by the plasma and to the...
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An experimental investigation of the operating characteristics of 3.2 mm diameter orificed hollow cathodes was conducted to examine low-current and low flow rate operation. Cathode power was minimized with low orifice aspect ratio and the use of an enclosed keeper. Cathode flow rate requirements were proportional to orifice diameter and the inverse of the orifice length. Cathode temperature pro...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
سال: 1908
ISSN: 1941-5982,1941-5990
DOI: 10.1080/14786440708636497